Biochemistry

Biochemistry applies chemistry concepts to the study of living organisms and the atoms and molecules that comprise them. Find articles on topics such as metabolic pathways and enzymology, biochemical structures and sequences, genome databases, and more.

  • Amylose chemical structure
    Polysaccharide Definition and Functions
  • Pyruvic acid molecule
    Pyruvate Facts and Oxidation
  • Cotton
    What Is Cellulose? Facts and Functions
  • Person eating grasshopper
    What Is Chitin? Definition and Uses
  • The organisms that formed petroleum lived long before the dinosaurs walked the earth.
    Oil Comes from Dinosaurs - Fact or Fiction?
  • What Is an Enzyme Structure and Function?
  • Two viales of sodium citrate
    How to Make Sodium Citrate Buffer
  • Male laboratory technician doing research
    Make a TAE Buffer in a Few Steps
  • Purine and pyrimidine nitrogenous bases.
    The Difference Between Purines and Pyrimidines
  • A researcher working in a lab
    Methods for Protein Purification in Biotechnology
  • Chemistry set
    How to Make a Phosphate Buffer
  • Glassware
    How to Make TBE Buffer in 3 Easy Steps
  • There are several reasons that you may have Y-DNA matches to individuals with a different surname.
    How Polymerase Chain Reaction Works to Amplify Genes
  • Model of a Transcription Factor Binding to DNA
    Transcription Factors
  • Pouring liquid solution into a flask
    How to Calculate Limiting Reactant of a Chemical Reaction
  • Chlorophyll in plant leaves converts carbon dioxide and water into the products glucose and oxygen.
    What Are the Products of Photosynthesis?
  • Woman buys washing powder
    Enzyme Biotechnology in Everyday Life
  • The citric acid cycle occurs in the cristae or membrane folds of mitochondria.
    Citric Acid Cycle or Krebs Cycle Overview
  • Highly Detailed DNA
    The 5 Kinds of Nucleotides
  • Beer brewing
    What Is Fermentation? Definition and Examples
  • the pH levels of the stomach illustration
    What Is the pH of the Stomach?
  • This is a diagram of the Calvin Cycle.
    Calvin Cycle Steps and Diagram
  • This is a ball and stick model of sucrose, a dissacharide formed in plants from glucose and fructose.
    Name 3 Disaccharides
  • Nitrogenous bases are found in DNA and RNA.
    Nitrogenous Bases - Definition and Structures
  • A deep ocean worm (Nereis sandersi) with pink coloring and glowing eyes, lives off the minerals from hydrothermal vents using the process of chemosynthesis
    Chemosynthesis Definition and Examples
  • Photosynthesis is a set of reactions that changes carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
    10 Fascinating Photosynthesis Facts
  • Eptifibatide anticoagulant is a heptapeptide, meaning it consists of seven amino acid residues.
    What Is a Peptide? Definition and Examples
  • Lyophilization in use in a laboratory setting
    How Lyophilization Preserves Biological Material
  • Typical cheese in Picos de Europa National Park.
    Food and Other Products Formed By Fermentation
  • Bacteria cultures in red agar gel in petri dishes
    How to Freeze-Dry a Bacterial Culture (Lyophilization)
  • ATP is important for metabolism because it provides energy coupling between endergonic and exergonic biochemical reactions.
    What You Need To Know About Adenosine Triphosphate or ATP
  • What is Agricultural Biotechnology?
  • Transcription factors are protein that bind to DNA to aid transcription.
    Steps of Transcription From DNA to RNA
  • These are the zwitterion enantiomers of the amino acid alanine.
    Amino Acid Chirality
  • A diagram of blood vessels over bone
    Is Deoxygenated Human Blood Blue?
  • DNA helix
    10 Interesting DNA Facts
  • DNA vs. RNA
    The Differences Between DNA and RNA
  • Urine samples
    What Is the Chemical Composition of Urine?
  • Illustrated depiction of the 3 parts of a nucleotide
    What Are the 3 Parts of a Nucleotide? How Are They Connected?
  • A computer model of a chemical bond.
    Types of Chemical Bonds in Proteins
  • Illustration representing how to calculate the molarity of a solution
    How to Calculate Molarity of a Solution
  • A sectioned plate of carbohydrates.
    The Chemistry of Carbohydrates
  • Babies are born with blue eyes
    Why Are Babies Born With Blue Eyes?
  • Close up of a cotton swab.
    How Does the Kastle-Meyer Test Detect Blood?
  • At equilibrium the ratio between the reactants and the products remains unchanged.
    Chemical Equilibrium in Chemical Reactions
  • Myoglobin protein
    Protein and Polypeptide Structure
  • This is a restriction enzyme or endonuclease, a type of enzyme that cuts a DNA molecule at a specific location.
    Enzyme Biochemistry - What Enzymes Are and How They Work
  • This is the chlorophyll B molecule. Chlorophyll is used for photosynthesis. The molecule features a magnesium atom at the center of the chlorin pigment.
    Chlorophyll Definition and Role in Photosynthesis
  • Dead fly
    What Causes Rigor Mortis? Muscle Changes After Death
  • Digital illustration showing water travelling during osmosis
    Defining Active and Passive Transport
  • The Elemental Composition of the Human Body
  • Nuclear transfer by microinjection
    Transferring Genes Using Microinjection
  • Male scientist reading science journal in biology laboratory
    Societal Concerns with Biotechnology
  • female scientist in lab
    What Are Smart Polymers?
  • Dendritic cell
    How Many Atoms Are There in a Human Cell?
  • The most abundant element in the human body by mass is oxygen.
    Elemental Composition of the Human Body by Mass
  • The three main types of ribonucleic acid or RNA are messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
    The 3 Types of RNA and Their Functions
  • Chlorophyll in plant leaves converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
    Photosynthesis Vocabulary Terms and Definitions
  • Scientist analysing molecular model in laboratory
    How Many Atoms There Are in the Human Body
  • Lab technician inserting blood sample test tube into a centrifuge
    What Is the Chemical Composition of Blood?
  • Botanist looking through microscope
    Biochemistry Introduction and Overview
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