How to Properly Scan Your Computer for Malware

A thorough computer scan for viruses and other malware, such as Trojan horses, rootkits, spyware, and worms, is crucial for troubleshooting various issues. A basic virus scan may not suffice, as malware can manifest as seemingly unrelated problems like Blue Screens of Death, crashes, DLL file issues, unusual hard drive activity, or unfamiliar pop-ups. Properly checking for malware is essential for resolving many computer problems.

How to Scan Your Computer for Viruses, Trojans, and Other Malware

Properly scanning your PC for viruses and other malware is easy and could take several minutes or longer. The more files you have, and the slower your computer is, the greater the time the scan will take.

1. Download and run Microsoft's Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool. There are two versions to pick from, depending on whether you're running a 32-bit or 64-bit version of Windows (learn which one you have):

   MSRT 32-bit
   MSRT 64-bit

   This free virus checker won't find everything, but it will check for specific, "prevalent malware" and delete it, which is a good start.

   If you already have this tool installed, update it using Windows Update so it can scan for the latest malware.

   To avoid the scan taking too long, delete temporary files so that the anti-malware program doesn't have to scan through all that useless data. Although it isn't common, if the virus is being stored in a temporary folder, then doing this might even remove the virus right away before you start the scan.

2. Update your antivirus/antimalware software installed on your computer.

   Before running a complete malware/virus scan, you need to make sure the virus definitions are up to date (this usually happens automatically, but not always); use the app's update option to check. These regular updates tell your antivirus software how to find and remove the latest viruses from your PC.

   Don't have a virus remover installed? Download one now! There are several free antivirus programs available, many of which can be used on a trial basis at no cost, so there's zero excuse for not running one. On that note—stick to just one. It might seem like a good idea to run multiple antivirus programs at once, but in reality, that usually causes problems and should be avoided.

3. Run a complete virus scan on your entire computer.

   If you happen to have another non-persistent (not always running) antimalware tool installed, like SUPERAntiSpyware or Malwarebytes, run that, too, when this is done.

Remember to Perform a Full Scan

Don't simply run the default, quick system scan, which may not include many important parts of your PC. Check that you're scanning every part of every single hard drive and other connected storage devices on your computer.

Specifically, make sure any virus scan includes the master boot record, boot sector, and any applications currently running in memory. These are particularly sensitive areas of your computer that can harbor the most dangerous malware.

Can't Sign in to Your Computer to Run a Scan?

Your computer may be infected to the point that you can't effectively log on to the operating system. These are the more serious viruses that prevent the OS from launching, but there's no need to worry because you have a couple of options that will still work to get rid of the infection.

Since some viruses are loaded into memory when the computer first starts up, you can try booting into Safe Mode if you're using Windows. That should stop any threats that automatically load when you first sign in, and let you follow the steps above to get rid of the viruses.

Another option for scanning for viruses when you don't have access to Windows is to use a free bootable antivirus program. These programs run from portable devices like discs or flash drives and can scan for viruses without starting the operating system at all.

More Virus & Malware Scanning Help

If you've scanned your entire computer for viruses but suspect that it may still be infected, try a free on-demand virus scanner next. These tools are great next steps when you're pretty sure that your computer still has an infection, but your installed antivirus program didn't catch it.

An online virus scan with tools like VirusTotal or MetaDefender Cloud is yet another step you can take, at least in situations where you have a good idea of what file(s) may be infected. This is less likely to be the thing that fixes the problem but it's worth a shot as a last resort—it's free and easy to do.

If the virus doesn't seem to want to be removed with our suggestions, consider disconnecting from the internet so that the malware can't communicate with a remote server to further infect your computer. Just make sure that if you do this, to first download and update anything related to the antivirus program, and then disconnect only during the duration of the virus scan.

You also always can erase your whole hard drive and start over fresh with a new operating system, but do this only if you can't remove the virus from your computer. For obvious reasons, wiping the hard drive clean will erase all of your files. However, it is a solid method of getting rid of viruses that can't seem to be cleaned with antivirus tools.

Should You Back Up Before Running Virus Scans?

Backing up your computer before a scan might sound helpful. After all, you don't want your important documents, videos, photos, etc. to be removed along with the viruses.

While backing up can be useful before a virus scan, be extra careful what you're backing up. The last thing you want is to save all your computer files in a backup and then erase the viruses, only to have them remain in the backup and return upon a restore!

Unfortunately, unless you know exactly what on your computer is infected, you won't know what's safe to back up and what's better left on your computer for the malware scan.

Something you can do to ensure that your most important files are backed up is to copy just those things to an external hard drive or store them online, but leave the majority of your files where they are. It's unlikely that the virus scan alone will corrupt your files anyway.

Another way to look at this is to back up anything you want and then run a virus scan on your computer. Should something be found, take note of which files are infected and then delete or scan the backed-up files, too, to ensure that the threats are gone from both the originals and the backups.